Keywords
conjunctive management
Texas
California
Nebraska
Arizona
How to Cite
Abstract
Recent severe droughts in U.S. western and Great Plains states have highlighted the challenges that socio-ecological disturbances can pose for governing groundwater resources, as well as the interconnections between groundwater and surface water and the need to manage the 2 in an integrated way. Conjunctive management recognizes these interconnections and can be used to mitigate disturbances and achieve a variety of water management goals. However, comparative studies of how and to what extent various states have implemented conjunctive management strategies are few. Here we compare and assess the use of conjunctive management practices in 4 western states—Arizona, California, Nebraska, and Texas—with a particular focus on groundwater. Special attention is paid to factors of geography and infrastructure, degree of administrative (de)centralization, and monitoring and modeling in relation to conjunctive management. Despite the commonality of bifurcated regimes for groundwater and surface water, all 4 states have responded to disturbances with conjunctive management strategies in various ways. Although it has groundwater management challenges similar to those in the other 3 states, Texas has overall been slower to adopt conjunctive management strategies.
Citation: Sugg ZP, Ziaga S, Schlager EC. 2016. Conjunctive groundwater management as a response to socio-ecological disturbances: a comparison of 4 western U.S. states. Texas Water Journal. 7(1):1-24. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v7i1.7019.
References
Aiken JD. 1999. Balancing endangered species protection and irrigation water rights: the Platte Cooperative Agreement. Great Plains Natural Resources Journal. 3:119–158.
Anderson MT, Pool DR, Leake SA. 2007. The water supply of Arizona: the geographic distribution of availability and patterns of use. In: Colby BG, Jacobs KL, editors. Arizona water policy: management innovations in an urbanizing, arid region. Issues in Water Resource Policy. Washington (DC): RFF Press. p. 45–60.
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2010a. Draft Demand and Supply Assessment 1985-2025 Phoenix Active Management Area. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Department of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Available from: http://www.azwater.gov/azdwr/Water-Management/Assessments/default.htm
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2010b. Draft demand and supply assessment 1985-2025 Tucson Active Management Area. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Department of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Avail¬able from: http://www.azwater.gov/azdwr/WaterManage-ment/Assessments/default.htm
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2011. Draft demand and supply assessment 1985-2025. Pinal Active Management Area. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Depart¬ment of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Available from: http://www.azwater.gov/azdwr/WaterManagement/ Assessments/default.htm
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2012. Fact Sheet–Basic Data Unit. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Department of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Avail¬able from: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/Hydrology/ BasicDataUnit/default.htm
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2014a. Active management areas & INAs. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Department of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Available from: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/ WaterManagement/AMAs/default.htm
[ADWR] Arizona Department of Water Resources. 2014b. Recharge program overview. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Department of Water Resources [cited 2015 Mar 2]. Avail¬able from: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/WaterMan¬agement/Recharge/RechargeProgramOverview.htm
[AWBA] Arizona Water Banking Authority. 2014. Annual report 2013. Phoenix (Arizona): Arizona Water Banking Authority [cited 2015 Mar 2]. 31 p. Available from: http:// www.azwaterbank.gov/Plans_and_Reports_Documents/ documents/Final2013AnnualReport70114withletter.pdf
[BEA] Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2015. Regional Economic Accounts. U.S. Department of Commerce. Available from: http://www.bea.gov/regional/index.htm
Birge HE, Allen CR, Craig RK, Garmestani AS, Hamm JA, Babbitt C, Nemec K, and Schlager E. 2014. Social-ecolog¬ical resilience and law in the Platte River Basin. 51 Idaho Law Review. 229:1-28.
Blaney B. 2015, June 14. Texas planners look to aquifers to prepare for next drought. Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. Available from: http://www.statesman.com/ news/news/state-regional/texas-planners-look-to-aquifers-to-prepare-for-nex/nmcsR/
Bloetscher F, Sham CH, Danko III JJ, Ratick S. 2014. Lessons learned from aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) systems in the United States. Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 06(17):1603–1629. http://doi.org/10.4236/ jwarp.2014.617146
Blomquist W. 1992. Dividing the waters: governing ground¬water in Southern California. ICS Press Institute for Contemporary Studies. 415 p.
Blomquist W, Ostrom E. 2008. Deliberation, learning, and institutional change: the evolution of institutions in judicial settings. Constitutional Political Economy. 19(3):180-202.
Blomquist W, Heikkila T, Schlager E. 2001. Institutions and conjunctive water management among three western states. Natural Resources Journal. 41(3):653-683.
Blomquist W, Schlager E, Heikkila T. 2004. Common waters, diverging streams: linking institutions to water manage¬ment in Arizona, California, and Colorado. Washington (DC): Resources for the Future. 205 p.
Borchers JW, Carpenter M. 2014. Land subsidence from groundwater use in California. Sacramento (Califor¬nia): California Water Foundation. 151 p. Available from: http://californiawaterfoundation.org/wp-content/ uploads/PDF/1397858208-SUBSIDENCEFULLRE-PORT_FINAL.pdf
Bowling A. Vissers E. 2015. The Public Trust Doctrine and its groundwater application in California. Stanford Environ¬mental Law Journal. Available from: https://journals.law. stanford.edu/stanford-environmental-law-journal-elj/ blog/public-trust-doctrine-and-its-groundwater-applica¬tion-california
Brune G. 1981. Springs of Texas, Volume 1. Ft. Worth (Texas): Branch-Smith, Inc. 566 p.
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 1994. Bulletin 160-93 – California Water Plan Update. Sacra¬mento (California): Department of Water Resources.
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2003. California’s groundwater – Bulletin 118 – Update 2003. Sacramento (California): Department of Water Resources.
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2014a. California water plan – update 2013, Vol.3. Sacramento (California): California Department of Water Resources. p. 9-3—9-47. Available from: http://www.waterplan. water.ca.gov/cwpu2013/final/
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2014b. Public update for drought response – update 2014. Sacra¬mento (California): Department of Water Resources. 52 p.
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2014c. List of adjudicated basins and subbasins. www.water. ca.gov/groundwater/docs/List of adjudicated basins and subbasins_01012014.pdf
[CDWR] California Department of Water Resources. 2015. Groundwater update 2013. Available from: http://www. waterplan.water.ca.gov/docs/groundwater/update2013/ content/statewide/GWU2013_Ch_2_Statewide_Final. pdf
[CAGRD] Central Arizona Groundwater Replenishment District. 2015. Current water supply portfolio. Phoenix (Arizona): Central Arizona Project. Available from: http://www.cagrd.com/index.php/water-supply-program/ water-supply-acquisition-strategy/current-water-sup¬ply-portfolio.
[CPNRD] Central Platte Natural Resources District. 2015. Re-operation of canals. Available from: http://cpnrd.org/ reoperation-of-canals/
Choy J, McGhee G, Rohde M. 2014, July 31. Recharge: groundwater’s second act. Stanford Woods Institute For The Environment and The Bill Lane Center For The American West. Available from: http://waterinthewest. stanford.edu/groundwater/recharge/
Colorado Division of Water Resources. 2015. Augmentation plans. Available from: http://water.state.co.us/groundwa¬ter/GWAdmin/Pages/AugPlans.aspx
Cook BI, Ault TR, Smerdon JE. 2015. Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains. Scientific Advances. 1(1):7.
Department of Public Works. 2015. Historical perspective. County of Los Angeles. Available from: https://dpw. lacounty.gov/wrd/barriers/historical.cfm
De Wrachien D, Fasso CA. 2002. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater: overview and perspective. Irrigation and Drainage. 51(1):1–15. DOI:10.1002/ird.43
Drewes JE. “Ground water replenishment with recycled water—water quality improvements during managed aquifer recharge.” Groundwater. 47.4 (2009):502-505.
Edson DE. 2013. Water management activities summary. Lincoln (Nebraska): Nebraska Association of Resource Districts. Available from: https://www.nrdnet.org/sites/ default/files/groundwater-managment-summary-2012. pdf
[EAA] Edwards Aquifer Authority. 2013. Water quality monitors. Available from: http://www.edwardsaquifer.org/ aquifer-data-and-maps/water-quality-monitors
Faunt CC. Editor. 2009. Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California. U.S. Reston (Virginia): U.S. Geological Survey. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1766. 225 p. Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ pp/1766/
Final Settlement Stipulation. 2002, December 15. State of Kansas v. State of Nebraska and State of Colorado, No. 126 Original (S. Ct. 2002). Available from: http://www. supremecourt.gov/SpecMastRpt/Orig%20126_041603_ finalsettlestip_vol1.pdf
Foley-Gannon E. 2000. Institutional arrangements for conjunctive water management in California and analy¬sis of legal reform alternatives. Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law and Policy. 6:273-320
Foster JR. 2009. Do Texas groundwater conservation districts matter? Water Policy. 11:379–399.
Foster S, van Steenbergen F. 2011. Conjunctive groundwater use: a “lost opportunity” for water management in the developing world? Hydrogeology Journal. 19:959–962.
Fricke CAP, DT Pederson. 1979. Ground-water resource management in Nebraska. Ground Water. 17(6):544-549.
Galbraith K. 2013. In Texas, underground reservoirs take hold. The Texas Tribune. Available from: http://www. texastribune.org/2013/04/04/texas-underground-reser¬voirs-take-hold/
George PG, Mace RE, Petrossian R. 2011. Aquifers of Texas. Report 380. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. 172 p. Available from: http://www.twdb.texas. gov/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R380_ AquifersofTexas.pdf
Gulley R, Cantwell JB. 2013. The Edwards Aquifer water wars: the final chapter? Texas Water Journal. 4:1–21.
Hanak E. 2003. Who should be allowed to sell water in California? Third-party issues and the water market. San Francisco (California): Public Policy Institute of Califor¬nia. 171 p. Available from: http://www.ppic.org/content/ pubs/report/R_703EHR.pdf
Hanak E. 2005. Stopping the drain: third-party responses to California’s water market. Contemporary Economic Policy. 23(1):59–77.
Hanak E, Stryjewski E. 2012. California’s water market, by the numbers: update 2012 . San Francisco (California): Public Policy Institute of California. 46 p. Available from: http:// www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1041
Hardberger A. 2013. World’s worst game of telephone: attempting to understand the conversation between Texas’s Legislature and courts on groundwater. Texas Environ¬mental Law Journal. 43(3):257-304.
Hoffman C, Zellmer S. 2013. Assessing institutional ability to support adaptive, integrated water resources management. Nebraska Law Review. 91:805-865.
Jenkins HD. 2009. A history of Nebraska’s natural resources districts. Lincoln (Nebraska): Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. 20 p.
Johnson RS, Ellis GM. 2013. A new day? Two interpretations of the Texas Supreme Court’s ruling in Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day and McDaniel. Texas Water Journal. 4(1):35–54.
Kalisek D. 2014. Is it time for Texas to welcome ASR? txH2O 9:10-13. Available from: http://twri.tamu.edu/publica¬tions/txh2o/summer-2014/is-it-time-for-texas-to-wel¬come-asr/
Kaiser R. 2005. Groundwater management in Texas: evolution or intelligent design? Kansas Journal of Law and Public Policy. 15(3):467-488.
Kaiser R. 2011. Texas water law and organizations. In: Griffin RC, editor. Water policy in Texas: Responding to the Rise of Scarcity. Washington (D.C.): RFF Press. p. 26–48.
Kaiser R. 2012. Conjunctive management and use of surface and groundwater resources. In: Sahs MK, editor. Essentials of Texas water resources. 2nd edition. Austin (Texas): State Bar of Texas. p. 5-1—5-13.
Katz v. Walkinshaw, 74 P. 766, 141 Cal. 116, 174 Cal. App. 3d 84 (1903).
Kelly M. 2011. Water for the environment: updating Texas water law. In: Griffin RC, editor. Water policy in Texas: responding to the rise of scarcity. Washington (D.C.): RFF Press. p. 128–144.
Langridge R. 2012. Drought and groundwater: legal hurdles to establishing groundwater drought reserves in Califor¬nia. Environmental Law & Policy Journal. 36:91-113.
Lehman C. 2004. Hung out to dry: groundwater conserva¬tion districts and the continuing battle to save Texas’s most precious resource. Texas Tech Law Review. 35:101-134.
[LRNRD] Lower Republican Natural Resources District. 2011. Integrated management plan. Available from: http:// dnr.ne.gov/iwm/integrated-management-plan-joint¬ly-developed-by-the-department-of-natural-resourc¬es-and-the-lower-republican-natural-resources-district-ef¬fective-october-1-2011
Mace RE, Austin B, Angle ES, Batchelder R. 2007. Surface water and groundwater – together again? In: State Bar of Texas 8th Annual Changing Face of Water Rights in Texas, June 28-29, 2007. San Antonio, TX. 13 p. Available from: http://www.txessarchive.org/documents/MaceandOth¬ers2020071.pdf
Mace RE, Petrossian R, Bradley R, Mullican III WF, Chris¬tian L. 2008. A streetcar named desired future conditions: the new groundwater availability for Texas (revised). In: Proceedings. Bastrop, Texas: State Bar of Texas. p. 1–25. Available from: https://www.twdb.texas.gov/groundwater/ docs/Streetcar.pdf
Marbury L, Kelly M. 2009. Down to the last drop. Environ¬mental Defense Fund. 21 p. Available from: http://texas¬livingwaters.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/tlw-last¬drop.pdf
Maupin MA, Kenny JF, Hutson SS, Lovelace JK, Barber NL, Linsey KS. 2014. Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010. Reston (Virginia): United States Geolog¬ical Survey. U.S. Geological Survey circular 1405. 56 p. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1405
McGuire VL. 2014. Water level changes and changes in storage in the High Plains Aquifer, predevelopment to 2013 and 2011-2013. Reston (Virginia): U.S. Geological Survey. Scientific investigations report 2014-5218. 14 p. Available from: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sir20145218
Megdal SB. 2007. Arizona’s recharge and recovery programs. In: Colby BG, Jacobs KL, editors. Arizona water policy: management innovations in an urbanizing, arid region. Issues in Water Resource Policy. Washington (DC): RFF Press. p. 188–203.
Megdal SB. 2012. Arizona groundwater management. The Water Report. 104:9-15.
Miller JA, Appel CL. 1997. Groundwater atlas of the United States: Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. Reston (Virginia): U.S. Geological Survey. HA-730 D. Available from: http:// pubs.usgs.gov/ha/ha730/ch_d/index.html
Murray CR, Reeves EB. 1977. Estimated use of water in the United States in 1975. Reston (Virginia): U.S. Geologi¬cal Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Circular 765. Available from: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/cir765
Nebraska Cooperative Republican Platte Enhancement Project. 2015. History. Available from: http://www.ncorpe.org/ history
Nebraska Department of Agriculture. 2014. Nebraska agricul¬ture fact card. Lincoln (Nebraska): Nebraska Department of Agriculture. Available from: http://www.nda.nebraska. gov/facts.pdf
[NDNR] Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. 2014. Balancing water supplies through groundwater recharge. Lincoln (Nebraska): Nebraska Department of Natural Resources. Water Matters. 9:1-4. Available from: http:// dnr.nebraska.gov/Media/iwm/Statewide/20140219_ WaterMattersNo9.pdf
Newman A. 2012. Edwards Aquifer Authority v. Day and the future of groundwater regulation in Texas. Review of Litigation. 31(2):403-434.
Ostrom E. 1990. Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press. 298 p.
Parsons Engineering Science Inc. 1999. Surface water/ groundwater interaction evaluation for 22 Texas river basins. Austin (Texas): Texas Natural Resource Conser¬vation Commission. Available from: http://www.twdb. texas.gov/publications/reports/contracted_reports/doc/ Surface-Groundwater_Interaction.pdf
Pirnie M. 2011. An assessment of aquifer storage and recov¬ery in Texas. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. Available from: http://www.edwardsaquifer.net/ pdf/TWDB_2011_ASR_assessment.pdf
[PRRIP] Platte River Recovery Implementation Program. 2014. State of the Platte report 2013: adaptive manage¬ment on the Platte River. Kearney (Nebraska): Executive Director’s Office of the Platte River Recovery Implementa¬tion Program. 91 p.
Porter C. Jr. 2013. Groundwater Conservation District finance in Texas: results of a preliminary study. Texas Water Journal. 4:55–77.
Porter C. Jr. 2014. Sharing the common pool: water rights in the everyday lives of Texans. College Station (Texas): Texas A&M University Press. 247 p.
Sahuquillo A, Lluria M. 2003. Conjunctive use as potential solution for stressed aquifers: social constraints. In: Llamas MR, Custodio E, editors. Intensive use of groundwater: challenges and opportunities. Lisse (The Netherlands): A.A. Balkema. p. 157-175.
Sansom A. 2008. Water in Texas: an introduction. Austin (Texas): University of Texas Press. 333 p.
[SAWPA] Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority. 2014a. One water one watershed 2.0 plan. Riverside (California): Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority. Available from: http:// www.sawpa.org/owow-2-0-plan-2/
[SAWPA] Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority. 2014b. Annual report of Santa Ana water quality. Riverside (California): Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority. 65 p. Available from: http://www.sawpa.org/wp-content/ uploads/2012/05/2013-Annual-Final-Report-of-SAR-Water-Quality3.pdf
Savage J. 2013 Jan 8. City considers eminent domain rule for Mary Rhodes Phase 2 Pipeline. Corpus Christi Caller Times. Available from: http://www.caller.com/news/ city-considers-eminent-domain-rule-for-mary-2
Sax JL. 2002. We don’t do groundwater: a morsel of Califor¬nia legal history. University of Denver Water Law Review. 6:269.
Scanlon BR, Faunt CC, Longuevergne L, Reedy RC, Alley WM, McGuire VL, McMahon PB. 2012. Groundwater depletion and sustainability of irrigation in the US High Plains and Central Valley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109(24):9320-9325.
Scanlon BR, Tachovsky JA, Reedy R, Nicot J-P, Keese K, Slade RM, Merwade V, Howard MT, Wells GL, Mullins GJ, et al. 2005. Groundwater-surface water interactions in Texas. Austin (Texas): Bureau of Economic Geology. 240 p. Available from: http://www.beg.utexas.edu/staffinfo/pdf/ scanlo4n_gwswr2005.pdf
Schlager EC. 2006 Challenges of governing groundwater in U.S. western states. Hydrogeology Journal. 14(3):350- 360.
Schlager E., Blomquist, W. 2008. Embracing watershed politics. Boulder (Colorado): Universities Press of Colorado. 248 p.
Seager R, Ting M, Held I, Kushnir Y, Lu J, Vecchi G, Huang H-P, Harnik N, Leetmaa A, Lau N-C, et al. 2007. Model projections of an imminent transition to a more arid climate in southwestern North America. Science. 316(5828):1181–1184. DOI: 10.1126/science.1139601.
Shamir E, Meko DM, Graham NE, Georgakakos KP. 2007. Hydrologic model framework for water resources planning in the Santa Cruz River, Southern Arizona. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 43:1155–1170.
Sheng Z. 2005. An aquifer storage and recovery system with reclaimed wastewater to preserve native groundwater resources in El Paso, Texas. Journal of Environmental Management. 75:367–377.
[SWRCB] State Water Resources Control Board. 2014. Groundwater fact sheet. Sacramento (California): State Water Resources Control Board. Available from: http:// www.waterboards.ca.gov/publications_forms/publica¬tions/factsheets/docs/groundwater_fs.pdf
Texas Constitution and Statues. 2015. Water Code. Available from: http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/
[TWDB] Texas Water Development Board. 2001. Surveys of irrigation in Texas 1958, 1964, 1969, 1974, 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994 and 2000. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Devel¬opment Board. 102 p. Available from: https://www.twdb. texas.gov/publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/ R347/R347.pdf
[TWDB] Texas Water Development Board 2012. Water for Texas 2012. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. 299 p. Available from: http://www.twdb.texas.gov/ waterplanning/swp/2012/index.asp
[TWDB] Texas Water Development Board. 2013. Ground¬water availability modeling. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. 2 p. Available from: http://www. twdb.texas.gov/publications/shells/GAM.pdf
[TWDB] Texas Water Development Board 2015. Groundwa¬ter conservation district facts. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. Available from: http://www.twdb. texas.gov/groundwater/conservation_districts/facts.asp
[TWRI] Texas Water Resources Institute. 2012. Status and trends of irrigated agriculture in Texas. College Station (Texas): Texas Water Resources Institute. Available from: http://twri.tamu.edu/docs/education/2012/em115.pdf
Turner CG, McAfee K, Pandey S, Sunley A. 2011. Irrigation metering and water use estimates: a comparative analysis, 1999-2007. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. 137 p. Available from: http://www.twdb.texas.gov/ publications/reports/numbered_reports/doc/R378_Irriga-tionMetering.pdf
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2012. 2012 Census of Agriculture Volume 1. Washington (D.C.): U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available from: http:// www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2012/Full_Report/ Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Nebraska/
Votteler T. 1998. The little fish that roared: the Endangered Species Act, state groundwater law, and private property rights collide over the Texas Edwards Aquifer. Environ¬mental Law. 28:845–846.
Votteler T. 2002. Raiders of the lost aquifer–or, the beginning of the end to fifty years of conflict over the Texas Edwards Aquifer. Tulane Environmental Law Journal. 15:257-335.
Votteler T. 2011. The Edwards Aquifer: hydrology, ecology, history, and law. In: Griffin RC, editor. Water policy in Texas: responding to the rise of scarcity. Washington (D.C.): RFF Press. p. 78–106.
Ward, GH Jr. 2005. Texas water at the century’s turn. In: Norwine J, Giardino JR, Krishnamurthy S, editors. Water for Texas. Vol. 6. 1st edition. Texas A&M University Agriculture Series. College Station (Texas): Texas A&M University Press. p. 17–43.
Webb M. 2015. Aquifer storage and recovery in Texas: 2015. Technical Note No. 15-04. Austin (Texas): Texas Water Development Board. 38 p. Available from: http://www. twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/technical_notes/doc/ TechnicalNote15-04.pdf
Welles H. 2013. Toward a management doctrine for Texas groundwater. Ecology LQ. 40:483–516.
Western Water Policy Review Advisory Commission. 1998. Water in the West: challenge for the next century. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico. 378 p. Available from: http://www.preventionweb.net/ english/professional/publications/v.php?id=1785.
Wythe K. 2008. Saving for dry days. txH2O 4:2-7. Available from: http://twri.tamu.edu/newsletters/txh2o/txh2o-v4n3.pdf
Ziaja S, Fullerton C. 2015. Judging science: the rewards and perils of courts as boundary organizations for environmen¬tal policy. Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environ¬mental Law and Policy. 21(2), 217-252.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Texas Water Journal