New Substances Notification Regulations (Organisms) (NSNR(O)): Microbial Characterization and Key Elements for Importation to Canada

Authors

  • Om Singh TSG Consulting

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21423/JRS-V08SINGH

Keywords:

genetically engineered (GE) microorganisms, importation, Canada, new substance notifications (NSN), Environment Canada, domestic substance list (DSL), environmental fate, ecological impact

Abstract

Any new substance imported into or manufactured in Canada is subject to New Substances Notification (NSN) under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) of 1999. The manufacturer or importer needs to comply with the New Substances Notification Regulations (NSNR) before the substance can be sold in the Canadian marketplace. While the section of the NSNR for biotechnology products has been in place since September 1, 1997, few microorganisms have been reviewed. The regulations also apply to various "higher" organisms such as fish, livestock, and insects (depending on the type of use). Applicants are required to provide a variety of technical information about their products in their NSN submissions to Environment Canada, the regulatory agency responsible for approving new substances in Canada. However, improper interpretation of the regulations leads to challenges for manufacturers/importers in the application process. There are ways to reduce an application's major deficiencies and/or potential for rejection. This paper aims to emphasize best practice tips for bringing new microorganisms to the Canadian marketplace that can benefit biotechnology product manufacturers at the forefront.

https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v08singh

References

Chamier, B., Lorenz, M. G., & Wackernagel, W. (1993). Natural Transformation of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by Plasmid DNA Adsorbed on Sand and Groundwater Aquifer Material. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 59(5), 1662-1667. https://www.doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.5.1662-1667.1993

Clobert, J., Le Galliard, J‐F., Cote, J., Meylan, S. & Massot, M. (2009). Informed dispersal, heterogeneity in animal dispersal syndromes and dynamics of spatially structures populations. Ecology Letters, 12(3), 197-209. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01267.x

Ding, J., Jai, J., Yang, L., Wen, H., Zhang, C., Liu, W., & Zhang, D. (2004). Validation of a Rice Specific Gene, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase, Used as the Endogenous Reference Gene for Qualitative and Real-Time Quantitative PCR Detection of Transgenes. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 52(11), 3372–3377. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/jf049915d

Euzeby, J. P. (1997). List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a Folder Available on the Internet. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47, 590-592. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. Retrieved October 12, 2020 from https://www.bacterio.net/

Gampala S. S., Wulfkuhle B., & Richey K. A. (2019). Detection of Transgenic Proteins by Immunoassays. In S. Kumar, P. Barone, & M. Smith (Eds.), Transgenic Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology (Vol. 1864, pp. 411-417). Humana Press. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8778-8_25

Government of Canada. (1999). Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999: Parts 5 and 6. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/canadian-environmental-protection-act-registry/publications/canadian-environmental-protection-act-1999.html

Government of Canada. (2010). Guidelines for the Notification and Testing of New Substances: Organisms. Pursuant to the New Substance Notification Regulations (Organisms) of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/managing-pollution/evaluating-new-substances/biotechnology-living-organisms/guidelines.html

Government of Canada. (2016a). Microbial Identification Framework for Risk Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/eccc/documents/pdf/pded/mifra/MIFRA-final-EN.pdf

Government of Canada. (2016). Notification of new substances. Retrieved from https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/managing-pollution/evaluating-new-substances/notifications.html

Government of Canada. (2018). New Substances Notification Regulations (Organisms), SOR/2005-248. Retrieved from https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/SOR-2005-248.pdf

Hernandez, M., Duplan, M-N., Berthier, G., Vaitilingom, M., Hauser, W., Freyer, R., Pla, M., & Bertheau, Y. (2004). Development and comparison of four real-time polymerase chain reaction systems for specific detection and quantification of Zea mays L. {Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, 52(15), 4632-4637. https://www.doi.org/10.1021/jf049789d

International Association for Plant Taxonomy. (2018). International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. Retrieved from http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=pf

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. (n.d.). International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Retrieved from http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code

International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. (2018). The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature. Retrieved from http://www.ictvonline.org/codeOfVirusClassification.asp

International Mycological Association & Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. (n.d.). MycoBank Database. Retrieved from https://www.mycobank.org/page/Pairwise_alignment

Jennings, J. C., Albee, L. D., Kolwyck, D. C., Surber, J. B., Taylor, M. L., Hartnell, G. F., Lirette, R. P., & Glenn, K. C. (2003). Attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant DNA and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed YieldGard corn borer corn. Poultry Science 82(3), 371–380. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.3.371

Khanna, M., & Stotzky, G. (1992). Transformation of Bacillus subtilis by DNA bound on montmorillonite and effect of DNase on the transforming ability of bound DNA. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 58(6), 1930-1939. https://www.doi.org/10.1128/aem.58.6.1930-1939.1992

Kohler, S., Belkin, S., & Schmid, R. D. (2000). Reporter gene bioassays in environmental analysis. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 366, 769-779. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051571

Leveque, N., Renois, F., & Andreoletti, L. (2013). The microarray technology: facts and controversies. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19, 10-14. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12024

Nair, R. B., & Ramachandranna, P. C. (2010). Patenting of microorganisms: Systems and concerns. Journal of Commercial Biotechnology, 16(4), 337-347.

National Center for Biotechnology Information. (.n.d.). Taxonomy. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/taxonomy

Osman, K. M., Mustafa, A. M., Elhariri, M., & Abdelhamed, G. S. (2013). The Distribution of Escherichia coli Serovars, Virulence Genes, Gene Association and Combinations and Virulence Genes Encoding Serotypes in Pathogenic E. coli Recovered from Diarrhoeic Calves, Sheep and Goat. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 60(1), 69-78. https://www.doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01319.x

Rudi, K., Rud, I., & Holck, A. (2003). A novel multiplex quantitative DNA array based on PCR (MQDA-PCR) for quantification of transgenic maize in food and feed. Nucleic Acids Research, 31(11), e62. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gng061

Singh, O. V. (2012). Extremophiles: Sustainable Resources and Biotechnological Implications, 1st Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.

Stave, J. W. (2002). Protein immunoassay methods for detection of biotech crops: applications, limitations, and practical considerations. Journal of AOAC International, 85(3), 780-786.

Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. (n.d.). Identification and strain typing at the Westerdijk institute. Retrieved from https://wi.knaw.nl/page/Identification

Downloads

Published

2020-10-27

Issue

Section

Review Articles