DESTRUCTIVE WAVE OVERTOPPING TESTS ON GRASS COVERED LANDWARD SLOPES OF DIKES AND TRANSITIONS TO BERMS

Gosse Jan Steendam, Jentsje W. van der Meer, Bianca Hardeman, André van Hoven

Abstract


In 2009 tests have been performed at the Afsluitdijk, the closure dike of Lake IJssel in the Netherlands. This dike has a sand core covered by layers of clay and boulder clay, and a grass cover. In 2010 succeeding tests were performed at a river dike near Zwolle. This dike was a sand dike with a grass cover. In all of these tests research was performed on the behaviour of the grass cover on the landward slope of the dikes. Furthermore, the influence on erodibility of the grass cover caused by damage of the grass cover by mice, moles or other influences like tractor tracks were investigated. Also the influence of obstacles or other elements, which may be present at dikes, was part of the investigations (tree, stairs, fence, maintenance road). It was observed that all of these influences are to some extent contributing to a decrease of the resistance against failure.

Keywords


dikes; levees; prototype tests; overtopping; wave overtopping simulator; grass erosion

References


Akkerman, G.J., P. Bernardini, J.W. van der Meer, H. Verheij and A. van Hoven. 2007. Field tests on sea defences subject to wave overtopping. Proceedings of Coastal Structures Conference. Venice. PMCid:1899190

Deltares. 2009. Factual report grondonderzoek Afsluitdijk, 1001189-010-GEO-0001. In Dutch.

Deltares, 2009. Factual report monitoring Afsluitdijk, 1200259-001-GEO-0002. In Dutch.

Ooij, J. and T. Hull. 2009. Golfoverslag en sterkte grasbekleding op dijken, deel 1 en 2. In Dutch

Steendam, G.J., J.W. van der Meer, G. de Raat, W. de Vries and J.Y. Frissel. 2008. Influence of Management and Maintenance on erosive impact of wave overtopping on grass covered slopes of dikes. International Symposium on Floodrisk. Oxford. PMid:18326534

Van der Meer, J.W., W. Snijders and E. Regeling. 2006. The wave overtopping simulator. Proceedings International Conference on Coastal Engineering. ASCE. San Diego.

Van der Meer, J.W., P. Bernardini, G.J. Steendam, G.J. Akkerman and G.J.C.M. Hoffmans. 2007. The wave overtopping simulator in action. Proceedings Coastal Structures Conference. Venice.

Van der Meer J.W., G.J. Steendam, G. de Raat and P. Bernadini. 2008. Further developments on the wave overtopping simulator. ASCE. Proceedings International Conference on Coastal Engineering. ASCE. Hamburg.

Van der Meer, J.W., R. Schrijver, B. Hardeman, A. van Hoven, H. Verheij and G.J. Steendam. 2009. Guidance on erosion resistance of inner slopes of dikes from three years of testing with the Wave Overtopping Simulator. Proc. ICE, Breakwaters, Marine Structures an Coastlines. Edinburgh.

Van der Meer, J.W., B. Hardeman, G.J. Steendam, H. Schüttrumpf and H. Verheij, 2010, Flow depths and velocities at crest and landward slope of a dike, in theory and with the wave overtopping simulator. Proceedings International Conference on Coastal Engineering. ASCE. Shanghai.


Full Text: PDF

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.